I have an extremely simple self-playing Tetris game which I coded up and I am looking to see how it could be improved. It would also be a learning curve for me to see how those much better than I am would go about improving the code.
###############################################################################
## an implementation of a ***very*** basic Tetris game in Python using Pygame
###############################################################################
'''rotate --- r
pause ---- p
direction buttons for movement'''
import sys
import copy
import pygame
import random
size = width, height = 200, 400
sqrsize, pen_size = 20, 1
occupied_squares = []
top_of_screen = (0, 0)
color = {'white':(255, 255, 255)}
top_x, top_y = top_of_screen[0], top_of_screen[1]
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((color['white']))
screen.blit(background, top_of_screen)
pygame.display.flip()
################################################################################
#constructors and selectors for a tetrominoe shape
################################################################################
def make_tetrominoe(block1, block2, block3, block4, name):
"""Inputs<- 4 constituent blocks that make up a tetrominoe shape and name
of tetrominoe shape.
This returns a tetrominoe shape."""
return [block1, block2, block3, block4, name]
def get_tetname(tetrominoe):
"""returns the name of a tetrominoe shape"""
return tetrominoe[4]
def get_blocks(tetrominoe):
"""returns a list of blocks that make up a tetrominoe piece"""
return tetrominoe[:4]
def get_refblock(tetrominoe):
"""gets reference block.Reference block is one around which other
blocks are drawn"""
return tetrominoe[3]
def block_points(tetronimoe):
"""gets the coordinates of the individual blocks that make up a tetrominoe
piece"""
blocks = get_blocks(tetronimoe)
return [get_point(block) for block in blocks]
###############################################################################
#constructors and selectors for a tetrominoe shape block
###############################################################################
def make_block(point, breadth, length):
"""This returns a block. A block is one of the constituent parts of a
tetrominoe shape and is made up of a start coordinate,the breadth of the
block and the lenght"""
return [point, breadth, length]
def get_point(a_block):
"""returns the coordinate start point of block"""
return a_block[0]
def block_width(a_block):
"""Returns the width of a block"""
return a_block[1]
def block_height(a_block):
"""Returns the height of a block"""
return a_block[2]
#############################################################################
#constructors and selectors for coordinate points
##############################################################################
def make_point(x_coord, y_coord, colour):
"""Input<-coordinate of a point, color
returns a point object with the coordinates of the point and color"""
return [x_coord, y_coord, colour]
def point_x(a_point):
"""Returns the xcoordinate of a point structure"""
return a_point[0]
def point_y(a_point):
"""Returns the ycoordinate of a point structure"""
return a_point[1]
def point_color(a_point):
"""Returns the color of a point structure"""
return a_point[2]
###############################################################################
###############################################################################
def delta_point(a_block, delta_x, delta_y):
"""input<- a block(constituent of a tetrominoe shape), integer, integer
output->a block
function which takes a block and increments its POINT"""
point = get_point(a_block)
return (make_block(make_point(point_x(point)+delta_x,
point_y(point)+delta_y, point_color(point)),
block_width(a_block), block_height(a_block)))
###############################################################################
## game controller
###############################################################################
def tetris():
"""Sets up the whole game play and handles event handling"""
mov_delay = 150
events = {276: 'left', 275: 'right', 112: 'pause'}
while True:
move_dir = 'down' #default move direction
game = 'playing' #default game state play:- is game paused or playing?
tet_shape = random_shape()
if legal(tet_shape):
draw_shape(tet_shape)
else:
break #game over
dets = find_column(get_tetname(tet_shape))
sel_col = dets[0]
rotate_count = dets[-1]
mov_cnt = (sel_col - 80) / sqrsize
if mov_cnt < 0:
move_dir = 'left'
elif mov_cnt > 0:
move_dir = 'right'
elif mov_cnt == 0:
move_dir = 'down'
mov_cnt = abs(mov_cnt)
while rotate_count > 0:
new_tet_shape = rotate(tet_shape)
if legal(new_tet_shape):
prev_tet, tet_shape = tet_shape, new_tet_shape
draw_and_clear(tet_shape, prev_tet, mov_delay)
rotate_count = rotate_count - 1
while mov_cnt > 0:
new_tet_shape = move(tet_shape, move_dir)
if legal(new_tet_shape):
prev_tet, tet_shape = tet_shape, new_tet_shape
draw_and_clear(tet_shape, prev_tet, mov_delay)
mov_cnt = mov_cnt - 1
while True:
if game == 'paused':
for event in pygame.event.get((pygame.KEYDOWN, pygame.KEYUP)):
if event.key == pygame.K_p:
game, move_dir = 'playing', 'down'
else:
for event in pygame.event.get((pygame.KEYDOWN, pygame.KEYUP)):
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_p:
game, move_dir = 'paused', 'pause'
break
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
mov_delay, move_dir = mov_delay, 'down'
move_dir = 'down'
new_tet_shape = move(tet_shape, move_dir)
if legal(new_tet_shape):
prev_tet, tet_shape = tet_shape, new_tet_shape
draw_and_clear(tet_shape, prev_tet, mov_delay)
else:
#If shape didn't move and direction of movement is down
#then shape has come to rest so we can check for a full row
#which we delete before exiting loop and generating a new
#tetrominoe. if direction for movement is sideways
#and block did not move it should be moved down rather
if move_dir == 'down':
occupied_squares.extend(block_points(tet_shape))
for row_no in range(height, -sqrsize, -sqrsize):
while row_filled(row_no):
delete_row(row_no)
background.fill(color['white'])
for point in occupied_squares:
draw_block(point)
break
else:
draw_shape(tet_shape)
pygame.time.delay(mov_delay)
###########################################################################
###########################################################################
def draw_and_clear(tetrominoe, prev_tet, delay):
"""input<-two tetrominoe shapes
clear the previously drawn tetrominoe first and then draw a new
tetrominoe"""
for point in block_points(prev_tet):
background.fill((color['white']), (point_x(point), point_y(point),
sqrsize, sqrsize))
screen.blit(background, top_of_screen)
pygame.display.update()
draw_shape(tetrominoe)
pygame.time.delay(delay)
############################################################################
############################################################################
def draw_shape(tetrominoe):
"""input<-tetriminoe shape
This draws a tetrominoe shape to game board"""
for point in block_points(tetrominoe):
draw_block(point)
screen.blit(background, top_of_screen)
pygame.display.update()
#############################################################################
#############################################################################
def draw_block(a_point):
"""draws a basic shape to screen"""
pygame.draw.rect(background, point_color(a_point), (point_x(a_point),
point_y(a_point), sqrsize, sqrsize), 1)
############################################################################
############################################################################
def row_filled(row_no, board=None):
"""input<-tetriminoe shape
checks if a row on game board is fully occupied by a shape block"""
if board:
filled_coords = [(point_x(point), point_y(point)) for point in board]
for col in range(0, width, sqrsize):
if (col, row_no) in filled_coords:
continue
else:
return False
return True
else:
filled_coords = [[point_x(pt), point_y(pt)] for pt in occupied_squares]
for col in range(0, width, sqrsize):
if [col, row_no] in filled_coords:
continue
else:
return False
return True
##############################################################################
##############################################################################
def delete_row(row_no):
"""input<-integer(a row number)
output->list of points
removes all squares on a row from the occupied_squares list and then
moves all square positions which have y-axis coord less than row_no down
board"""
global occupied_squares
occupied_squares = [point for point in occupied_squares
if point_y(point) != row_no]
for index in range(len(occupied_squares)):
if point_y(occupied_squares[index]) < row_no:
occupied_squares[index] = make_point(point_x(occupied_squares[index]),
point_y(occupied_squares[index]) + sqrsize,
point_color(occupied_squares[index]))
##############################################################################
##############################################################################
def legal(tet_shape):
"""input<-tetrominoe piece
output->bool
checks that a tetromone is in a legal portion of the board"""
tet_block_points = block_points(tet_shape)
filled_coords = [(point_x(pt), point_y(pt)) for pt in occupied_squares]
for point in tet_block_points:
new_x, new_y = point_x(point), point_y(point)
if ((new_x, new_y) in filled_coords or (new_y >= height or
(new_x >= width or new_x < top_x))):
return False
return True
##############################################################################
##############################################################################
def move(shape, direction, undo=False):
"""input<- a tetrominoe shape
output<- a terominoe shape
function moves a tetrominoe shape by moving all constituent blocks
by a fixed amount in a direction given by 'direction' argument"""
no_move = 0
directions = {'down':(no_move, sqrsize), 'left':(-sqrsize, no_move),
'right':(sqrsize, no_move), 'pause': (no_move, no_move)}
delta_x, delta_y = directions[direction]
if undo:
delta_x, delta_y = -delta_x, -delta_y
new_blocks = [delta_point (block, delta_x, delta_y)
for block in get_blocks(shape)]
return (make_tetrominoe(new_blocks[0], new_blocks[1],
new_blocks[2], new_blocks[3], get_tetname(shape)))
##############################################################################
##############################################################################
def tetrominoe_shape(shape, start_x=80, start_y=0):
"""function returns a random tetrominoe piece"""
shapes = {'S': make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 2*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y,
(0, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize)
, 'S'),
'O': make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(200, 200, 200)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y,
(200, 200, 200)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(200, 200, 200)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize, start_y,
(200, 200, 200)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
'O'),
'I': make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 3*sqrsize,
(0, 255, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y,
(0, 255, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 2*sqrsize,
(0, 255, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(0, 255, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
'I'),
'L':make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 2*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 255)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y,
(0, 0, 255)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 2*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 255)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(0, 0, 255)),
sqrsize, sqrsize), 'L'),
'T':make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(start_x + 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(255, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x, start_y,
(255, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x - 1*sqrsize,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(255, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(start_x,
start_y + 1*sqrsize,
(255, 0, 0)),
sqrsize, sqrsize), 'T')
}
return shapes[shape]
#####
#####
def random_shape(start_x=80, start_y=0):
"""return a random tetrominoe shape"""
tets = ['S', 'O', 'I', 'L', 'T']
return tetrominoe_shape(tets[random.randint(0, 4)], start_x, start_y)
##############################################################################
##############################################################################
def rotate(tetrominoe):
"""input<- tetrominoe shape
ouput-> tetrominoe shape
rotates a tetrominoe shape if possible about a reference block."""
#global occupied_squares
if get_tetname(tetrominoe) == 'O':
return tetrominoe
else:
ref_point = get_point(get_refblock(tetrominoe))
x_coord = point_x(ref_point)
y_coord = point_y(ref_point)
tetblock_coords = block_points(tetrominoe)
new_tet = make_tetrominoe(make_block(make_point(x_coord +
y_coord-point_y(tetblock_coords[0]),
y_coord - (x_coord - point_x(tetblock_coords[0])),
point_color(ref_point)), sqrsize, sqrsize,
),
make_block(make_point(x_coord + y_coord -
point_y(tetblock_coords[1]),
y_coord - (x_coord - point_x(tetblock_coords[1])),
point_color(ref_point)), sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(x_coord + y_coord -
point_y(tetblock_coords[2]),
y_coord - (x_coord - point_x(tetblock_coords[2])),
point_color(ref_point)), sqrsize, sqrsize),
make_block(make_point(x_coord, y_coord,
point_color(ref_point)),
sqrsize, sqrsize),
get_tetname(tetrominoe))
#if legal(new_tet):
return new_tet
#else:
# return tetrominoe
####
####
def drop_shape(shape):
"""drop a shape into postion on a column"""
new_shape = move(shape, 'down')
prev_shape, new_shape = shape, new_shape
while legal(new_shape):
prev_shape, new_shape = new_shape, move(new_shape, 'down')
return prev_shape
####
####
def bubble_count(shape):
"""returns number of new empty spots generated when a shape is placed at a
legal point"""
count = 0
points = [(point_x(pt), point_y(pt)) for pt in block_points(shape)]
board = [(point_x(pt), point_y(pt)) for pt in occupied_squares]
for pt in points:
for i in range(point_y(pt) + sqrsize, height, sqrsize):
if (pt[0], i) in board or (pt[0], i) in points:
break
else:
count += 1
return count
####
###
def shape_lowest_row(shape):
"""return the lowest row of a shape"""
points = [(point_x(pt), point_y(pt)) for pt in block_points(shape)]
points = sorted(points, key=lambda point: point[1], reverse=True)
return points[0]
#####
#####
def row_filln_column(shape):
"""return a list of columns, rows filled tuple for each column on the
board if there are n columns for which a shape dropped in column fills
a row"""
rows_filled = []
shape_rotates = {'S':2, 'I':1, 'O':0, 'L':3, 'T':3}
rotate_count = shape_rotates[shape]
curr_cnt = 0
while True:
for col in range(0, width, sqrsize):
board = copy.deepcopy(occupied_squares)
tet_shape = tetrominoe_shape(shape, start_x=col, start_y=0)
cnt = curr_cnt
while cnt > 0:
tet_shape = rotate(tet_shape)
cnt -= 1
if not legal(tet_shape): # check shape is in board sideways
continue
tet_shape = drop_shape(tet_shape)
board.extend(block_points(tet_shape))
rows = 0
for row in range(height, 0, -sqrsize):
if row_filled(row, board=board):
rows += 1
if rows > 0:
rows_filled.append((col, rows, curr_cnt))
tet_shape = rotate(tet_shape)
if rotate_count == curr_cnt:
break
curr_cnt += 1
if rows_filled:
return rows_filled
return None
####
####
def next_best_columns(shape):
"""return list of columns which a shape can go into if the shape cannot
fill any rows"""
next_best = []
shape_rotates = {'S':2, 'I':1, 'O':0, 'L':3, 'T':3}
rotate_count = shape_rotates[shape]
curr_cnt = 0
while True:
for col in range(0, width, sqrsize):
board = copy.deepcopy(occupied_squares)
tet_shape = tetrominoe_shape(shape, start_x=col, start_y=0)
cnt = curr_cnt
while cnt > 0:
tet_shape = rotate(tet_shape)
cnt -= 1
if not legal(tet_shape):
continue
tet_shape = drop_shape(tet_shape)
board.extend(block_points(tet_shape))
bubble_cnt = bubble_count(tet_shape)
next_best.append((col, bubble_cnt, shape_lowest_row(tet_shape)[1],
curr_cnt))
#print col, bubble_cnt
if rotate_count == curr_cnt:
break
curr_cnt += 1
return next_best
#####
#####
def find_column(shape):
"""find column of best fit to drop down a tetrominoe shape from"""
# search for if any rows can be filled up by shape
rows_filled = row_filln_column(shape)
if not rows_filled:
next_best = next_best_columns(shape)
next_best = sorted(next_best, key=lambda col: col[2], reverse=True)
cols = sorted(next_best, key=lambda col: col[1])
return cols[0]
rows_filled = sorted(rows_filled, key=lambda row_filled: row_filled[1])
return rows_filled[-1] #col with most rows filled
if __name__ == '__main__':
tetris()
