I have implemented a console calculator.
- It has support for variables over a set of integers and the following operations: multiplication, integer division, exponentiation, addition and subtraction. You can use parentheses in expressions.
- The `SyntacticalAnalizer` class implements parsing and syntactic validation of a string entered by the user, converting the expression into reverse polish notation.
- The `Interpreter` class checks for `NameError` errors and calculates the result of the expression.
- The `SmartCalculator` class contains the `SyntacticAnalizer` and `Interpreter` classes and provides the user interface.
The code passed the tests, but the state processing turned out to be very noodle-like. I would be grateful for advice on improving the code architecture. Source on [GitHub][1]
from string import ascii_letters
from collections import deque
class SyntacticalAnalyzer:
`"""
The name of a variable (identifier) can contain only Latin letters.
A variable can have a name consisting of more than one letter.
The case is also important; for example, n is not the same as N.
The value can be an integer number or a value of another variable.
Addition and subtraction operations are allowed.
Commands begin with a slash and can be: /exit and /help
"""`
_digits_tags: str = '1234567890'
_commands = ['/exit', '/help']
left_part: str = None
expression_stack: list = []
operator_priority: dict = {
'(': 0,
'+': 2,
'-': 2,
'*': 3,
'/': 3,
'^': 4,
')': 0
}
rpn_stack: deque = deque()
@staticmethod
def check_ascii(name):
for letter in name:
if letter not in ascii_letters:
return False
return True
@property
def checked_string(self) -> str:
return self.__checked_string
@checked_string.setter
def checked_string(self, value: str):
self.__checked_string = value
@property
def check_result(self):
return self.res
def __init__(self):
self.__checked_string: str = ''
self._state: str = 'assignment operator'
# scan chain bypass rules
self.chain_rules: dict = dict(skip=False,
off=False
)
# check status
self._status = dict(checker='',
error=None,
check_res=False,
)
# object passed to the wrapper class
self.res = dict(error=None,
state=None,
command=None,
left=None,
rpn_expression=None
)
# list of test functions
self._check_chain: list = [self.check_not_empty,
self.check_command_tag,
self.check_command_incorrectness,
self.check_equality_tag,
self.check_left_part,
self.check_right_part,
self.to_rpn
]
def notify(self, checker: str, check_res: bool):
"""
Passes the function name and the result of its work to the self._status object
@param checker: name of the function passed
@type checker: str
@param check_res: result of the function passed
@type check_res: bool
@return: None
"""
self._status['checker'] = checker
self._status['check_res'] = check_res
def check_status_handler(self):
"""
Reads the modified self._status object, sets self._state
and modifies the self.chain_rules object
@return: None
"""
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_not_empty' and not self._status['check_res']:
self._status['error'] = 'empty'
self._state = 'empty'
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_command_tag':
if self._status['check_res']:
self._state = 'command'
else:
self.chain_rules['skip'] = True
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_command_incorrectness':
if not self._status['check_res']:
self._status['error'] = self.add_command()
self.chain_rules['off'] = True
else:
self.chain_rules['off'] = True
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_equality_tag':
if not self._status['check_res']:
self._state = 'expression'
self.chain_rules['skip'] = True
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_left_part':
if not self._status['check_res']:
self._status['error'] = 'Invalid identifier'
if self._status['checker'] == 'check_right_part':
if not self._status['check_res']:
if self._state == 'assignment operator':
self._status['error'] = 'Invalid assignment'
self.chain_rules['skip'] = True
else:
self._status['error'] = 'Invalid identifier'
self.chain_rules['skip'] = True
if self._status['checker'] == 'to_rpn':
if not self._status['check_res']:
if self._state == 'assignment operator':
self._status['error'] = 'Invalid assignment'
else:
self._status['error'] = 'Invalid expression'
def perform_res(self):
"""
Checks self._state and self._status. Fills out the dictionary self.res
@return: None
"""
self.res['state'] = self._state
if self._state == 'empty':
self.res['error'] = 'empty'
self.chain_rules['off'] = True
if self._state == 'command':
if self._status['error'] is None:
self.res['command'] = self.add_command()
else:
self.res['error'] = self._status['error']
if self._state == 'assignment operator':
if self._status['error'] is None:
self.res['left'] = self.left_part
self.res['rpn_expression'] = self.rpn_stack
else:
self.res['error'] = self._status['error']
if self._state == 'expression':
if self._status['error'] is None:
self.res['rpn_expression'] = self.rpn_stack
else:
self.res['error'] = self._status['error']
def clear_init_fields(self):
"""
Clears all constructor fields before checking for a new line
@return: None
"""
self._state = 'assignment operator'
self._status['checker'] = ''
self._status['error'] = None
self._status['check_res'] = False
self.chain_rules['skip'] = False
self.chain_rules['off'] = False
for key, value in self.res.items():
if type(value) != dict:
self.res[key] = None
self.expression_stack = []
def run_check_chain(self):
"""
Starts a string check chain. Reads objects self.chain_rules and
self._status, if the skip == True property skips the next check,
if the property off == True or one of the checks has completed
with an error, terminates its work
@return: None
"""
j = -1
self.clear_init_fields()
for i, check in enumerate(self._check_chain):
if j == i:
self.chain_rules['skip'] = False
if self.chain_rules['skip']:
j = i + 1 if i + 1 < len(self._check_chain) else -1
continue
self.run_check(check)
self.check_status_handler()
if self._status['error'] is not None:
break
if self.chain_rules['off']:
break
self.perform_res()
def run_check(self, check_func):
"""
@type check_func: function
"""
result = check_func()
self.notify(check_func.__name__, result)
def check_not_empty(self):
return self.checked_string != ''
def check_command_tag(self):
return self.checked_string.startswith('/')
def check_command_incorrectness(self):
return self.checked_string in self._commands
def add_command(self) -> str:
for _command in self._commands:
if self.checked_string == _command:
return _command
return 'Unknown command'
def check_equality_tag(self) -> bool:
return '=' in self.checked_string
def is_variable(self, name: str) -> bool:
return all([len(name) >= 1, self.check_ascii(name)])
def check_left_part(self):
if self._state == 'assignment operator':
self.left_part = self.checked_string.split('=')[0].strip()
return self.is_variable(self.left_part)
@staticmethod
def get_fragment_params(value: str, end):
out_str = ''
pos = 0
sym = value[0]
while sym not in end:
out_str += sym
try:
pos += 1
sym = value[pos]
except IndexError:
return out_str, None
return out_str, pos
@staticmethod
def is_operator(item: str):
item_list: list = item.strip().split(' ')
my_str = ''.join(item_list)
if my_str[0] in '+-':
for el in my_str:
if el not in '+-':
return False
if my_str[0] in '/*^':
if len(my_str) > 1:
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def is_digit(item: str):
if item[0] == '0':
if len(item) != 1:
return False
return True
for el in item:
if el not in '1234567890':
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def is_left_parenthesis(item: str):
for el in item:
if el not in '(':
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def is_right_parenthesis(item: str):
for el in item:
if el not in ')':
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def get_first(value: str):
return value[0] if value else None
@staticmethod
def get_tag(letter: str):
if letter in ascii_letters:
return 'variable'
if letter in '-+/*^':
return 'operator'
if letter in '1234567890':
return 'digit'
if letter in '()':
return 'left parenthesis' if letter == '(' else 'right parenthesis'
@staticmethod
def get_end_tag(tag: str) -> str:
if tag == 'variable':
return ' )+-/*^'
if tag == 'operator':
return '(0123456789' + ascii_letters
if tag == 'digit':
return ' )+-/*^'
if tag == 'left parenthesis':
return ' 0123456789' + ascii_letters + '+-'
if tag == 'right parenthesis':
return ' +-/*^'
@staticmethod
def transform_operator(el: str):
if '-' in el or '+' in el:
minus_cnt = el.count('-')
if minus_cnt:
return '-' if minus_cnt % 2 != 0 else '+'
return '+'
return el
@staticmethod
def transform_parenthesis(el: str):
return list(el)
def transform_element(self, el: str, tag: str):
if tag == 'operator':
return self.transform_operator(el)
if tag in ['left parenthesis', 'right parenthesis']:
return self.transform_parenthesis(el.rstrip())
return el.rstrip()
@staticmethod
def add_el(container: list, el):
if type(el) == list:
container += el
else:
container.append(el.rstrip())
def check_right_part(self):
next_pos = 0
if self._state == 'assignment operator':
input_str = self.checked_string.split('=', 1)[1].strip()
else:
input_str = self.checked_string.strip()
if not input_str:
return False
while True:
current: str = input_str[next_pos:]
sym: str = self.get_first(current)
name = self.get_tag(sym)
end_tag = self.get_end_tag(name)
el, offset = self.get_fragment_params(value=current, end=end_tag)
conditions = [
self.is_variable(el),
self.is_operator(el),
self.is_digit(el),
self.is_left_parenthesis(el),
self.is_right_parenthesis(el)
]
if not any(conditions):
return False
el = self.transform_element(el=el, tag=name)
if not self.expression_stack or self.expression_stack[-1] == '(':
if el in '+-':
self.expression_stack.append('0')
self.add_el(self.expression_stack, el)
if offset is None:
return True
temp = current[offset:]
offset += temp.find(temp.lstrip())
next_pos += offset
def to_rpn(self):
f = False
operators: list = []
for item in self.expression_stack:
if self.is_digit(item) or self.is_variable(item):
self.rpn_stack.append(item)
else:
if not operators:
operators.append(item)
else:
if item == '(' or self.operator_priority[item] > self.operator_priority[operators[-1]]:
operators.append(item)
else:
if not operators:
return False
while operators:
operator = operators.pop()
if operator == '(':
f = True
break
self.rpn_stack.append(operator)
if item == ')' and not f:
return False
if item != ')':
operators.append(item)
if operators:
if '(' in operators:
return False
else:
while operators:
self.rpn_stack.append(operators.pop())
return True
# End of class SyntacticalAnalyzer
class Interpreter:
bye_string = 'Bye!'
help_string = 'The program calculates expressions using addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division' \
' and exponentiation over a set of integers, and also uses variables.'
def __init__(self, obj):
self.variables: dict = {}
self.obj = obj
self.error: str = None
self.res: int = None
self.rpn_stack: deque = deque()
def execute(self):
if not self.analysis_handler():
return False
return True
def analysis_handler(self):
"""
Читает self.obj.
@return:
"""
self.rpn_stack = deque()
self.res = None
self.error = None
if self.obj['state'] == 'empty':
pass
if self.obj['state'] == 'command':
if not self.command_handler(self.obj['command']):
return False
if self.obj['state'] == 'expression':
if not self.expression_handler():
print(self.error)
else:
print(self.res)
if self.obj['state'] == 'assignment operator':
if not self.assignment_handler():
print(self.error)
return True
def command_handler(self, param: str) -> bool:
if param == '/exit':
print(self.bye_string)
return False
if param == '/help':
print(self.help_string)
return True
def expression_handler(self):
if not self.check_variables():
return False
self.res = self.get_expression_result()
return True
@staticmethod
def calculate_this(one, two, sign):
one, two = [int(x) for x in [one, two]]
if sign == '+':
return one + two
if sign == '-':
return one - two
if sign == '*':
return one * two
if sign == '/':
return one // two
if sign == '^':
return one ** two
@staticmethod
def is_digit(item: str):
if item[0] == '0':
if len(item) != 1:
return False
return True
for el in item:
if el not in '1234567890':
return False
return True
def get_expression_result(self):
result_stack: list = []
while self.rpn_stack:
item = self.rpn_stack.popleft()
if self.is_digit(item):
result_stack.append(item)
else:
second, first = result_stack.pop(), result_stack.pop()
result_stack.append(self.calculate_this(first, second, item))
return result_stack[0]
def assignment_handler(self):
if not self.expression_handler():
return False
left = self.obj['left']
self.variables[left] = self.res
return True
def check_variables(self):
self.rpn_stack = self.obj['rpn_expression']
for i, item in enumerate(self.rpn_stack):
if item in self.variables:
self.rpn_stack[i] = self.variables[item]
else:
if item[0] in ascii_letters:
return False
return True
class SmartCalculator:
"""
The name of a variable (identifier) can contain only Latin letters.
A variable can have a name consisting of more than one letter.
The case is also important; for example, n is not the same as N.
The value can be an integer number or a value of another variable.
It should be possible to set a new value to an existing variable.
To print the value of a variable you should just type its name.
"""
_analyzer_methods = ['run_check_chain']
_interpreter_methods = ['execute', 'analysis_handler']
def __init__(self):
self._analyzer: SyntacticalAnalyzer = SyntacticalAnalyzer()
self.analyzer_result: dict = self._analyzer.check_result
self._interpreter: Interpreter = Interpreter(self.analyzer_result)
def __getattr__(self, item):
for item in self._analyzer_methods + self._interpreter_methods:
if item in self._analyzer_methods:
return getattr(self._analyzer, item)
if item in self._interpreter_methods:
return getattr(self._interpreter, item)
def run(self):
while True:
self._analyzer.checked_string = input().strip()
self._analyzer.run_check_chain()
if self._analyzer.res['error'] is not None and self._analyzer.res['error'] != 'empty':
print(self._analyzer.res['error'])
else:
if not self._interpreter.execute():
return None
calculator = SmartCalculator()
calculator.run()
[1]: https://github.com/sergeVe/smart-calculator/blob/master/calculator.py