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You can handle RGB channels as a single variable color. So you can avoid some conditions and make everything easy.

And, you may change your loop for count in range(9) into for factor in [0.1, 0.5, 0.9] and for channel in range(3). count is meaningless in the loop. But factor and channel are useful.

from PIL import Image

def convert_color(factor, channel):
    def convert(color):
        return (
                *color[:channel],
                int(color[channel] * factor),
                *color[channel + 1:]
        )
    return convert

pic = Image.open('image.png').convert('RGB')
processed = []
for factor in [0.1, 0.5, 0.9]: # factor to multiple
    for channel in range(3): # which channel
        new_pic = Image.new('RGB', pic.size)
        new_pic.putdata(list(map(
            convert_color(factor, channel),
            pic.getdata()
        )))
        processed.append(new_pic)
        new_pic.save(f'image{len(processed)}.png')