Updated, below is a more current and simple version of this. Also, if you track the progress of TC39's "ECMAScript Cancellation" proposal, this thread might be worth checking out.

I'm playing with Promise Extensions for JavaScript (prex) library and I like it a lot. Amongst other things, this library appears to be a prototype behind the current ECMA TC39 proposal for cancellation and it uses the familiar cancellation token approach, popularized by .NET Task API.

I want to extend the standard Promise class with cancellation support, similar to how it is implemented in Bluebird (i.e., with an optional oncancel callback) but using prex.CancellationToken.

Here is a draft that can be run with NodeJS:

const prex = require('prex');

class CancellablePromise extends Promise {
  constructor(executor, token) {
    if (!token) {
      // if no token supplied, just delegate to the parent class
      super(executor);
      return;
    }
    
    const observeCancellation = async () => {
      // prex.Deferred is similar to TaskCompletionSource in .NET
      const deferred = new prex.Deferred();

      executor(
        deferred.resolve, 
        deferred.reject, 
        cancelListener => 
          deferred.cancelListener = cancelListener);  

      const registration = token.register(() => {
        try {
          // capture the CancelError
          token.throwIfCancellationRequested();
        }
        catch (cancelError) {
          try {
            // the token cancellation callback is synchronous,
            // and so is the executor-provided cancelListener callback
            deferred.cancelListener && deferred.cancelListener(cancelError);
            // reject here if cancelListener has not resolved/rejected it
            deferred.reject(cancelError);
          }
          catch (error) {
            // in case cancelListener throws
            deferred.reject(error);
          }
        }
      });
    
      try {
        return await deferred.promise;
      }
      finally {
        registration.unregister();
      }
    };

    super((resolve, reject) => 
      observeCancellation().then(resolve, reject));
  }
}

// delayWithCancellation
function delayWithCancellation(timeoutMs, token) {
  console.log(`delayWithCancellation: ${timeoutMs}`);

  return new CancellablePromise((resolve, reject, setCancelListener) => {
    token.throwIfCancellationRequested();
    const id = setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMs);
    setCancelListener(e => clearTimeout(id));
  }, token);
}

// main
async function main() {
  const tokenSource = new prex.CancellationTokenSource();
  setTimeout(() => tokenSource.cancel(), 2000); // cancel after 1500ms

  const token = tokenSource.token;

  await delayWithCancellation(1000, token);
  console.log("successfully delayed."); // we should reach here

  await delayWithCancellation(1500, token);
  console.log("successfully delayed."); // we should not reach here
}

main().catch(error => console.log(error));