# Avoiding Boundaries if Cases When Filtering Image Matrix

I have the following MATLAB Code which I want to optimize.
It's related to an image matrix (2D) which I want to filter.
Though it is MATLAB code, the same problem would arise in C code.

The problem is that I'm trying to access neighbors of the pixel which might cause problems at the boundaries of the image matrix.

vWeightsCoeff = zeros((2 * numRows * numCols), 1);

weightsIdx = -3;

% Filteration
for iColIdx = 1:numCols
for iRowIdx = 1:numRows
if(mod((iRowIdx + iColIdx), 2) == 0)
continue;
end

weightsIdx = weightsIdx + 4;

refPixel = mOutputImage(iRowIdx, iColIdx);

if(iRowIdx < numRows)
relPixel1 = mOutputImage((iRowIdx + 1), iColIdx);
relWeight1 = vRangeTable(round((refPixel - relPixel1) * RANGE_RESOLUTION) + RANGE_CENTER_IDX);
else
relPixel1 = 0;
relWeight1 = 0;
end

if(iRowIdx > 1)
relPixel2 = mOutputImage((iRowIdx - 1), iColIdx);
relWeight2 = vRangeTable(round((refPixel - relPixel2) * RANGE_RESOLUTION) + RANGE_CENTER_IDX);
else
relPixel2 = 0;
relWeight2 = 0;
end

if(iColIdx < numCols)
relPixel3 = mOutputImage(iRowIdx, (iColIdx + 1));
relWeight3 = vRangeTable(round((refPixel - relPixel3) * RANGE_RESOLUTION) + RANGE_CENTER_IDX);
else
relPixel3 = 0;
relWeight3 = 0;
end

if(iColIdx > 1)
relPixel4 = mOutputImage(iRowIdx, (iColIdx - 1));
relWeight4 = vRangeTable(round((refPixel - relPixel4) * RANGE_RESOLUTION) + RANGE_CENTER_IDX);
else
relPixel4 = 0;
relWeight4 = 0;
end

weightsNormalizationFactor = PREDICT_NORMALIZATION_FACTOR / (relWeight1 + relWeight2 + relWeight3 + relWeight4);

relWeight1 = relWeight1 * weightsNormalizationFactor;
relWeight2 = relWeight2 * weightsNormalizationFactor;
relWeight3 = relWeight3 * weightsNormalizationFactor;
relWeight4 = relWeight4 * weightsNormalizationFactor;

mOutputImage(iRowIdx, iColIdx) = mOutputImage(iRowIdx, iColIdx) - ((relWeight1 * relPixel1) + (relWeight2 * relPixel2) + (relWeight3 * relPixel3)+ (relWeight4 * relPixel4));

vWeightsCoeff(weightsIdx:(weightsIdx + 3)) = [relWeight1; relWeight2; relWeight3; relWeight4];

end
end


Just to clarify the variables:

• mOutputImage is the image matrix.
• numCols and numRows are the matrix dimensions.
• vWeightsCoeff is the vector of the weights.

Since each pixel is related to 4 others yet working only on half the pixels its size is 2 times the number of pixels.

Now, the questions are:

1. Can I do something smart to go over the same pixels yet skip the first if which works like dividing the pixels as in chess board (White Black Board)?
2. Can I do something to avoid the if which secures I'm not stepping out of boundaries and yet go through the same pixels?

If someone comes which a completely different arrangement I will be open for that as well.

• Why are you doing the if(mod((iRowIdx + iColIdx), 2) == 0) near the top? Is that part of the filter? Could you describe the filter in words? – brechmos Jun 16 '14 at 19:21
• @brechmos, The reason is simple. Think on the matrix as a chessboard, each entry is either white or black. Now, I want to work only on the black / white. This if separates white form black (Or the other way). Thank You. – Royi Jun 16 '14 at 21:29
• What are RANGE_RESOLUTION and PREDICT_NORMALIZATION_FACTOR ? The code doesn't work without the two. – Stewie Griffin Jul 26 '16 at 11:38

# visiting black chess board squares

You might do a mod2 pre-calculation of mod(iRowIdx + iColIdx, 2) by creating a chess board boolean matrix before the loop, using matrix operations.

But much better would be to step iColIdx by 2. And have iRowIdx start at 1 or 2 as appropriate, and then step it by 2.

# boundary checking

Your matrix now is C x R. Simply allocate a (C+2) x (R+2) matrix, so you have zeros running along all four sides. Then iterate over just the middle, rather than over the whole matrix as you are now. So iColIdx for example would start at 2 and stop one short of the end.

Doing this will delete a great many ifs, to give you Version2 of the code. You might even find that puts you in a position to produce Version3, which takes advantage of matrix operations instead of scalar operations, pushing much of the looping work down into matlab primitives, which would be faster.

# style

It would have been helpful to see the method signature, but your English description that mOutputImage is the only return value worked well enough.

Typo: % Filteration

It would be natural to express the normalization e.g. like this:

    relWeight4 *= weightsNormalizationFactor;


Leave a blank after if, please.

The extra parentheses in mod and places like this:

        relPixel1 = mOutputImage((iRowIdx + 1), iColIdx);


are a little odd, you could safely elide them.