I made the hangman game using OOP. It is the first "big" project I do using OOP. I would like to know if there is something to improve in the program I made.
This is the code:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Hangman game
import random
class Hangman:
HANGMAN_PICS = (r'''
┌───┐
│ │
│
│
│
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
│
│
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
| │
│
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
/│ │
│
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
/│\ │
│
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
/│\ │
/ │
│
════════╛''', r'''
┌───┐
│ │
O │
/│\ │
/ \ │
│
════════╛''')
def __init__(self, word):
"""
Our constructor class that instantiates the game.
"""
self.max_trials = len(self.HANGMAN_PICS) - 1
self.trials = self.max_trials
self.secret_word = word
self.secret_word_low = word.lower()
self.blanks = list('_' * len(self.secret_word))
self.found_letters = set()
def _spacer(self, length=50):
"""
Returns a dash string to be used as a separator.
"""
return '-' * length
@property
def _blanks_string(self):
"""
Returns a string with blanks.
"""
return ''.join(self.blanks)
def _draw_hangman(self):
"""
Returns a string with the current position of the hangman.
"""
return f'{self.HANGMAN_PICS[self.max_trials-self.trials]}\n'
def _guess_letter(self, letter):
"""
Replaces the guessed letter in the blanks and adds the
letter to a set containing all the letters used so far.
"""
for i, char in enumerate(self.secret_word_low):
if char == letter:
self.blanks[i] = letter
self.found_letters.add(letter)
def _valid_input(self, letter):
"""
Checks if the string entered by the user has a length of 1
and if all characters in the string are in the alphabet.
"""
return len(letter) != 1 or not letter.isalpha()
def _win(self):
"""
Asigns a boolean value of True if the user guess the secret word.
"""
return self._blanks_string == self.secret_word_low
def _play(self):
"""
The game stage.
"""
print(f'\nSecret word: {self._blanks_string}')
print(self._draw_hangman())
print(self._spacer())
while self.trials > 0 and not self._win():
letter = input('\nEnter a letter: ').lower()
if self._valid_input(letter):
print('The value entered is invalid.\n')
elif letter in self.found_letters:
print('This letter has already been entered. Enter another letter.\n')
elif letter in self.secret_word_low:
self.found_letters.add(letter)
self._guess_letter(letter)
print(self._blanks_string)
else:
self.found_letters.add(letter)
self.trials -= 1
print(f'\nYou missed and lost a life. You have {self.trials} trials left.')
print(self._draw_hangman())
print(self._spacer())
if self._win():
print(f'\nYou won. The secret word is: {self.secret_word}.')
else:
print(f'\nYou lost. The secret word is: {self.secret_word}.')
def main():
"""
Selects a word from a list of words.
This word is to be guessed in the game.
"""
with open('words.txt', 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as words:
secret_word = random.choice(words.read().split())
secret_word = ''.join(secret_word)
game = Hangman(secret_word)
game._play()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
```
