I made a statistics calculator based on raw data for my Edexcel IAL Statistics 1 course which I'm going to use in my calculator's MicroPython. I would like some suggestions for ways to further improve my code and become better at Python.
Note: MicroPython only supports a subset of the standard library.
import math
def interpolation_grouped_data(grouped_data, cumulative_frequencies, position): # responsible for using linear interpolation to find the lower quartile, median, and upper quartile of grouped data
if cumulative_frequencies[0] > position: # if the position of the data required is not in the first interval, then it is between 0 , and the lowest bound in the first interval
mn_cu_freq = 0
mx_cu_freq = cumulative_frequencies[0]
mid_cu_freq = position
interval_index = 0
else:
for index in range(len(cumulative_frequencies) - 1):
if cumulative_frequencies[index+1] > position >= cumulative_frequencies[index]: # if the position is within this interval
mn_cu_freq = cumulative_frequencies[index]
mx_cu_freq = cumulative_frequencies[index + 1]
mid_cu_freq = position
interval_index = index + 1
break
lower_bound = grouped_data[interval_index][0]
higher_bound = grouped_data[interval_index][1]
return interpolation([mn_cu_freq, mid_cu_freq, mx_cu_freq, lower_bound, higher_bound])
def interpolation(data_for_interpolation): # uses interpolation to find the result, cu represents cumulative
mn_cu_freq, mid_cu_freq, mx_cu_freq, lower_bound, higher_bound = data_for_interpolation
result = lower_bound + ( ( (mid_cu_freq - mn_cu_freq)/(mx_cu_freq - mn_cu_freq) ) * (higher_bound - lower_bound) )
return result
def listed_data_stats(listed_data): # for dealing with listed data Ex: 1,2,3,4 or 5,1,4,2,6,7
# sum of data, number of data, mean
sum_listed_data = sum(listed_data)
number_of_data = len(listed_data)
mean = sum_listed_data / number_of_data
# sum of each data squared
sum_squared_listed_data = sum([i**2 for i in listed_data])
# variance, and standard deviation
variance = (sum_squared_listed_data / number_of_data) - (mean)**2
standard_deviation = round(math.sqrt(variance), 5)
# median
sorted_listed_data = listed_data[:]
sorted_listed_data.sort()
if number_of_data % 2 == 0:
median1 = sorted_listed_data[number_of_data//2]
median2 = sorted_listed_data[number_of_data//2 - 1]
median = round((median1 + median2)/2, 5)
else:
median = round(sorted_listed_data[number_of_data//2], 5)
# mode
m = max([listed_data.count(value) for value in listed_data])
mode = set([str(x) for x in listed_data if listed_data.count(x) == m]) if m>1 else None
return sum_listed_data, sum_squared_listed_data, number_of_data, mean, median, mode, round(variance, 5), round(standard_deviation, 5)
def grouped_data_stats(grouped_data): # for dealing with grouped data ex: [[lower bound, upper bound, frequency], [...], [...]] etc. in [[0, 10, 16], [10, 15, 18], [15, 20, 50]] in the first list, 0 and 10 represents the interval 0 -> 10, and 16 is the frequency of numbers in this range
midpoints = []
cumulative_frequencies = []
sum_x = 0
sum_x_squared = 0
number_of_data = 0
if grouped_data[1][0] - grouped_data[0][1] != 0: # if there are gaps in data
gap = (grouped_data[1][0] - grouped_data[0][1])/2
for data in grouped_data:
if data[0] != 0:
data[0] -= gap
data[1] += gap
for index, data in enumerate(grouped_data):
midpoints.append((data[0] + data[1])/2) # acquires a list of midpoints for the each interval/tuple
number_of_data += data[2] # acquires the number of data/ total frequency of all intervals
sum_x += (midpoints[index] * data[2]) # gets the sum of all midpoints x frequency
sum_x_squared += (midpoints[index]**2 * data[2]) # gets the sum of all midpoints^2 x frequency
if index == 0: # if it is the first loop, then add the first value of cumulative frequency to the list
cumulative_frequencies.append(data[2])
else: # if it is not, then get the value of the previous cumulative frequency and add to it the frequency of the current data, and append it
cumulative_frequencies.append(cumulative_frequencies[index-1] + data[2])
# mean
mean = sum_x / number_of_data
# variance, and standard deviation
variance = (sum_x_squared / number_of_data) - (sum_x / number_of_data)**2 #
standard_deviation = math.sqrt(variance)
# lower quartile, median, and upper quartile, and interquartile range
lower_quartile = interpolation_grouped_data(grouped_data, cumulative_frequencies, (25/100) * number_of_data) # performs interpolation to acquire it
median = interpolation_grouped_data(grouped_data, cumulative_frequencies, (50/100) * number_of_data)
upper_quartile = interpolation_grouped_data(grouped_data, cumulative_frequencies, (75/100) * number_of_data)
interquartile_range = upper_quartile - lower_quartile
return sum_x, sum_x_squared, number_of_data, mean, variance, standard_deviation, lower_quartile, median, upper_quartile, interquartile_range
def statistics(): # checks for what you want
choice = input("a for\nInterpolation\nb for\nListed Data\nc for Grouped Data\n: ")
if choice == "a": # interpolation
mn_cu_freq = mid_cu_freq = mx_cu_freq = lower_bound = higher_bound = None
variables = [mn_cu_freq, mid_cu_freq, mx_cu_freq, lower_bound, higher_bound] # values to be inputted for interpolation
variables_names = ["mn_cu_freq", "mid_cu_freq", "mx_cu_freq", "lower_bound", "higher_bound"]
for index, _ in enumerate(variables):
variables[index] = float(input("Enter {}: ".format(variables_names[index])))
print("x = ", interpolation(variables))
elif choice == "b": # listed data statistics
listed_data, results = [], []
while True:
value = input("Enter Values: ")
if value == "x": # enter x when no more data available
break
value = int(value)
listed_data.append(value)
results.extend(listed_data_stats(listed_data))
results = [str(value) for value in results]
print("", "Sum_x = " + results[0], "Sum_x^2 = " + results[1], "n = " + results[2], "Mean = " + results[3], "Median = " + results[4],
"Mode = " + results[5], "Variance = " + results[6], "Standard_Deviation = " + results[7], sep="\n")
elif choice == "c": # grouped data statistics
grouped_data, results = [], []
while True:
start_boundary = input("Start Bound: ")
if start_boundary == "x": # enter x when no more data available
break
end_boundary = input("End Bound: ")
frequency = input("Frequency: ")
grouped_data.append([int(start_boundary), int(end_boundary), int(frequency)]) # each row in the grouped data is a list
results.extend(grouped_data_stats(grouped_data))
results = [str(round(value, 5)) for value in results]
print("", "Sum_x = " + results[0], "Sum_x^2 = " + results[1], "n = " + results[2], "Mean = " + results[3], "Variance = " + results[4],
"Standard Deviation = " + results[5], "Lower Quartile = " + results[6], "Median = " + results[7], "Upper Quartile = " + results[8],
"IQR = " + results[9], sep="\n")
statistics()
