I have created a simple Activity Planner that allows adding tasks and associated sub-tasks. It is mainly based on the Treeview widget. This being my first GUI-based project, I would like to know:
- If this is a good design pattern
- If this could have been better broken down
- About any typical features to be added
- How it can be optimized in terms of performance and storage
- About the pros and cons in general
- About better practices
I plan to remove the "Change Theme" feature. It's just there to assist in picking the right theme from the ttkthemes module. This is exactly why I had to wrap all my content in a Frame that fills up the entire outer root container that doesn't inherit the theme.
Any thoughts and help would be highly appreciated!
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import tkinter.messagebox as tkmb
import tkinter.font as tkfont
import tkinter.filedialog
import ttkthemes as ttkt
import sys
import pickle
class Activity:
"""
Represents a single activity.
Attributes:
name(str): Activity Name
iid(str): Activity ID, uniquely identifies the activity
start(str): Start Time
end(str): End Time
parent()
"""
def __init__(self, name, start, end, priority, parent=None):
self.name = name
self.iid = id(name)
self.start = start
self.end = end
self.parent = parent #parent iid
self.checked = False
self.priority = priority
def has_parent(self):
return True if self.parent is not None else False
#TODO:
def has_completed(self):
self.checked = True
#TODO:
def notify(self):
pass
def __str__(self):
return str((self.name, self.iid, self.start, self.end, self.parent, self.priority))
def __repr__(self):
return self.__str__()
class ActivityTreeviewHandler:
"""
Handles the treeview to which the activity objects are added
"""
def __init__(self, tree_label_frame, on_item_select_callback=None, *cols):
self.activity_tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_label_frame, columns=list(cols))
self.activity_tree.heading('#0', text="Name")
self.activities = [] #Activity maintainer list for serialization and deserialization
for col in cols:
self.activity_tree.heading(col, text=col)
self.activity_tree.bind('<<TreeviewSelect>>', on_item_select_callback)
self.activity_tree.pack(padx=50, pady=50)
def add_activity(self, activity):
""" If activity has a parent, adds it a sub activity else adds at the top level.
The iid attribute of activity is used as the item id in the tree."""
self.activities.append(activity)
if activity.has_parent():
self.activity_tree.insert(activity.parent, 'end', activity.iid, text=activity.name, values=(activity.start, activity.end, activity.priority))
else:
self.activity_tree.insert('', 'end', activity.iid, text=activity.name, values=(activity.start, activity.end, activity.priority))
def remove_activity(self, activity_iid):
""" Removes an activity from the list and not from the treeview"""
#Prepare list of activities to be removed
removed_activites = [activity for activity in self.activities if activity.iid in activity_iid]
#Remove them 1 by 1
for activity in removed_activites:
self.activities.remove(activity)
def remove_selected_activity(self):
""" Removes the currently selected activity from the treeview and then calls remove_activity()"""
sel = self.activity_tree.selection()
self.activity_tree.delete(sel)
self.remove_activity(sel)
def save_state(self):
""" Serializer; writes all activites in the current treeview to a file using pickle
and returns the destination file name. Returns an empty string if fails.
Return:
str (Returns the destination file name)
"""
try:
with open(tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename( title="Enter File Name"), 'wb') as dest_file:
#Serialize
pickle.dump(self.activities, dest_file, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
return dest_file.name
except Exception as e:
tkmb.showerror("Failed", "Couldn't save list")
return
def clear_treeview(self):
""" Empties the treeview """
self.activity_tree.delete(*self.activity_tree.get_children())
#Loads a list state from file after clearing the tree
def load_state(self):
""" Deserializer: Clears the tree, asks the user to open a saved file, and adds the activities to the tree
and returns the file name. Returns an empty string if fails.
Return:
str (Returns the destination file name)
"""
try:
self.clear_treeview()
with open(tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename( title="Select File"), 'rb') as dest_file:
#Deserialize
self.activities = pickle.load(dest_file)
for activity in self.activities:
if activity.has_parent():
self.activity_tree.insert(activity.parent, 'end', activity.iid, text=activity.name, values=(activity.start, activity.end, activity.priority))
else:
self.activity_tree.insert('', 'end', activity.iid, text=activity.name, values=(activity.start, activity.end, activity.priority))
return dest_file.name
except Exception as e:
tkmb.showerror("Failed", "Couldn't load list")
return ""
class InputWindow:
""" Represents the input window that
* Takes in the details of a new activity
* Constructs an activity object from the details
* Passes the constructed object to the ActivityTreeviewHandler object's add_activity()
"""
def __init__(self, w_title, treeview_handler: ActivityTreeviewHandler, has_parent=False):
#Create Toplevel
self.container = tk.Toplevel()
self.container.title(w_title)
self.has_parent = has_parent
self.adder_pane = ttk.Frame(self.container)
self.adder_pane.pack(expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH, ipadx=50, ipady=100)
self.treeview_handler = treeview_handler
#Create input fields
self.activity_input = {}
self.activity_input['name'] = ttk.Entry(self.adder_pane), ttk.Label(self.adder_pane, text="Activity name:")
self.activity_input['start'] = ttk.Entry(self.adder_pane), ttk.Label(self.adder_pane, text="From :")
self.activity_input['end'] = ttk.Entry(self.adder_pane), ttk.Label(self.adder_pane, text="To :")
self.activity_input['priority'] = ttk.Entry(self.adder_pane), ttk.Label(self.adder_pane, text="Priority:")
#Add to parent container
self.activity_input['name'][1].grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5)
self.activity_input['name'][0].grid(row=0, column=1, pady=5)
self.activity_input['start'][1].grid(row=1, column=0, pady=5)
self.activity_input['start'][0].grid(row=1, column=1, pady=5)
self.activity_input['end'][1].grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5)
self.activity_input['end'][0].grid(row=2, column=1, pady=5)
self.activity_input['priority'][1].grid(row=3, column=0, pady=5)
self.activity_input['priority'][0].grid(row=3, column=1, pady=5)
ttk.Button(self.adder_pane, text="Add", command=self.construct_activity_from_input).grid(row=4,column=1)
self.container.mainloop()
def construct_activity_from_input(self):
for field in self.activity_input:
if self.activity_input[field][0].get() == "":
tkmb.showerror("Empty field "+field, "Please enter a valid "+field)
return
activity = Activity(
self.activity_input['name'][0].get(),
self.activity_input['start'][0].get(),
self.activity_input['end'][0].get(),
self.activity_input['priority'][0].get(),
self.treeview_handler.activity_tree.selection()[0] if self.has_parent else None
)
self.treeview_handler.add_activity(activity)
self.container.destroy()
class App:
""" The main Activity Planner App
Attributes
themes(list) - helps implementing change_theme()
saved(bool) - monitors save state
"""
def __init__(self):
self.container = ttkt.ThemedTk()
self.master = ttk.Frame(self.container)
self.master.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
self.themes = self.container.get_themes()
self.tree_label_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.master, text="Your Activities")
self.button_label_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.master, text="Modify")
self.treeview_handler = ActivityTreeviewHandler(self.tree_label_frame, self.on_select, 'From', 'To', 'Priority')
self.add_button = ttk.Button(self.button_label_frame, text="Add Activity...", command=self.on_add_activity)
self.add_button.pack(anchor=tk.CENTER, pady=10)
self.remove_button = ttk.Button(self.button_label_frame, text="Delete Activity", state='disabled', command=self.on_delete_activity)
self.remove_button.pack(anchor=tk.CENTER, pady=10)
self.add_sub_button = ttk.Button(self.button_label_frame, text="Add Sub Activity...", state='disabled', command=self.on_add_sub_activity)
self.add_sub_button.pack(anchor=tk.CENTER, pady=10)
self.theme_changer = self.change_theme()
ttk.Button(self.button_label_frame, text="Change Theme", command= lambda: next(self.theme_changer)).pack(pady=10, anchor=tk.CENTER)
self.tree_label_frame.pack(padx=50, pady=25)
self.button_label_frame.pack(padx=50, pady=25, fill=tk.X, expand=True)
self.container.wm_state('zoomed')
self.saved = True
#Menu
self.menubar = tk.Menu(self.container)
self.menus = {}
self.menus['file'] = tk.Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=0)
self.menus['file'].add_command(label="New", command=self.new_instance)
self.menus['file'].add_command(label="New Child Window", command=self.new_child_instance)
self.menus['file'].add_separator()
self.menus['file'].add_command(label="Save...", command=self.on_save)
self.menus['file'].add_command(label="Load...", command=self.on_load)
self.menus['file'].add_separator()
self.menus['file'].add_command(label="Quit", command=self.quit)
self.menus['edit'] = tk.Menu(self.menubar)
self.menus['edit'].add_command(label="Add Activity", command=self.on_add_activity)
self.menus['edit'].add_command(label="Add Sub Activity", command=self.on_add_sub_activity)
self.menus['edit'].add_command(label="Delete Activity", command=self.on_delete_activity )
self.menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=self.menus['file'])
self.menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=self.menus['edit'])
self.container.config(menu=self.menubar)
self.container.title("Activity Planner")
self.container.mainloop()
def change_theme(self):
""" Cycles through the available themes provided by ttkthemes"""
while True:
for thm in self.themes:
self.container.set_theme(thm)
yield
def on_add_activity(self):
InputWindow("Add a New Activity", self.treeview_handler)
self.saved = False
def on_add_sub_activity(self):
InputWindow("Add a New Sub Activity", self.treeview_handler, has_parent=True)
self.saved = False
def on_delete_activity(self):
self.treeview_handler.remove_selected_activity()
self.saved = False
self.add_sub_button['state'] = 'disabled'
self.remove_button['state'] = 'disabled'
def on_select(self, event):
self.add_sub_button['state'] = 'normal'
self.remove_button['state'] = 'normal'
def quit(self):
self.ask_save_state()
self.container.destroy()
sys.exit(0)
def new_instance(self):
self.ask_save_state()
self.container.destroy()
App()
def new_child_instance(self):
App()
def ask_save_state(self):
if not self.saved:
if(tkmb.askyesno("Save List", "Do you want to save the list?")):
self.on_save()
def on_save(self):
name = self.treeview_handler.save_state()
self.container.title(name+ " - Activity Planner")
self.saved = True
def on_load(self):
self.ask_save_state()
name = self.treeview_handler.load_state()
self.container.title(name+ " - Activity Planner")
App()
