# Strings: Making Anagrams

Problem Statement

Input Format

The first line contains a single string, a. The second line contains a single string, b.

Constraints

1<= |a|,|b| <= 10^4

It is guaranteed that and consist of lowercase English alphabetic letters (i.e., through ). Output Format

Print a single integer denoting the number of characters you must delete to make the two strings anagrams of each other.

Sample Input

cde

abc

Sample Output

4

Explanation

We delete the following characters from our two strings to turn them into anagrams of each other:

Remove d and e from cde to get c. Remove a and b from abc to get c. We must delete characters to make both strings anagrams, so we print on a new line.

Solution

public class Solution {
public static int numberNeeded(String first, String second) {

StringBuilder firstBuilder = new StringBuilder(first);
StringBuilder secondBuilder = new StringBuilder(second);
int numberNeeded = firstBuilder.length() + secondBuilder.length();

for (int i=0; i<first.length(); i++) {

char currentChar = first.charAt(i);

for (int j=0; j<secondBuilder.length(); j++) {
char charToCompare = secondBuilder.charAt(j);

if (charToCompare == currentChar) {
firstBuilder.deleteCharAt(0);
secondBuilder.deleteCharAt(j);
numberNeeded -= 2;
break;
}
}
}

return numberNeeded;

}

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
String firstArray = in.next();
String secondArray = in.next();
System.out.println(numberNeeded(firstArray, secondArray));
}
}

Can I please get feedback on my code and also on my solution approach? Also, can someone guide me about the time and space complexity of this solution? How do we calculate it and how can I make it better?

Thanks in advance

• I get the feeling that this should be somehow accomplishable by an algorithm based on the Levenshtein-Distance computation... – Vogel612 Aug 1 '17 at 13:17
• @Vogel612 i'll have a look at this, I didn't know about this algorithm – a-ina Aug 1 '17 at 13:20
• @Vogel612 Levenshtein distance is a definite over-engineering here. – vnp Aug 1 '17 at 18:00
• user vnp below is right. build a map for each string, and then sum up all the differences. 0(n+m) – Angela Pan Aug 1 '17 at 19:56
• The variable firstBuilder is redundant, because apart from firstBuilder.length(), its contents are never read, and the length can also be queried from the String first. – Stingy Aug 1 '17 at 20:21

## 1 Answer

The time complexity is $O(NM)$ where $N,M$ are lengths of the strings. Surely is is too much. The solution can be reached in $O(N+M)$. In pseudocode:

build a character histogram from the first string
build a character histogram from the second string
for each c in alphabet,
result += max(hist1[c], hist2[c]) - min(hist1[c], hist2[c])
• I like your approach. Since this was the second challenge in the hackerrank, therefore, I thought we were supposed to come up with a solution without using any other data structure like hash maps, vectors, etc. – a-ina Aug 2 '17 at 4:56
• @a-ina It only requires an array (well, two of them). But don't be afraid to use ADTs as you see fit. Hackerrank doesn't really care, as long as the solution passes. – vnp Aug 2 '17 at 5:09
• @vpn thankyou. I'll keep this in mind – a-ina Aug 2 '17 at 8:14