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using namespace std is a bad idea. Please don't do it.

using namespace std is a bad idea. Please don't do it.

Take note of the different condition. There are a couple of other simplifying improvements, but they're mentioned in the other answer.

Take note of the different condition. There are a couple of other simplifying improvements, but they're mentioned in another answer.

Finally, what do you mean by "close to the metal"? This is just C with a tiny sprinkling of C++, which are both high-level languages. Not as high-level as, say, Python, but the definition of a high-level language is that it's abstracted from any one particular machine, which C and C++ are. There's nothing close to the metal here. That would be machine code, or maybe Assembly.