Heap selection sort in Javascript

Question

I have (designed and) implemented this fancy sorting algorithm that combines natural runs in the input array with a heap data structure:

function ArrayRangeException(message) {
    this.message = message;
    this.getMessage = function() { return this.message; }
}

function RangeCheck(arrayLength, fromIndex, toIndex) {
    if (fromIndex < 0) {
        throw new ArrayRangeException("'fromIndex' is negative: " + fromIndex);
    }

    if (toIndex > arrayLength) {
        throw new ArrayRangeException(
                "'toIndex' is too large: " + toIndex + ", array length: " + 
                arrayLength);
    }

    if (fromIndex > toIndex) {
        throw new ArrayRangeException(
            "fromIndex(" + fromIndex + ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
    }
}   

function RunHeap(array, cmp) {
    this.cmp = cmp;
    this.array = array;
    const auxArrayLength = (array.length >>> 1) + 1;
    this.fromIndexArray = Array(auxArrayLength);
    this.toIndexArray = Array(auxArrayLength);
    this.size = 0;

    this.pushRun = function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
        const nodeIndex = this.size++;
        this.fromIndexArray[nodeIndex] = fromIndex;
        this.toIndexArray[nodeIndex] = toIndex;
    },

    this.popElement = function() {
        const returnValue = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[0]];
        this.fromIndexArray[0]++;

        if (this.fromIndexArray[0] === this.toIndexArray[0]) {
            const last1 = this.fromIndexArray[--this.size];
            this.fromIndexArray[0] = last1;

            const last2 = this.toIndexArray[this.size];
            this.toIndexArray[0] = last2;
        }

        this.siftDown(0);
        return returnValue;
    },

    this.swap = function(array, index1, index2) {
        const tmp = array[index1];
        array[index1] = array[index2];
        array[index2] = tmp;
    },

    this.isLessThan = function(runIndex1, runIndex2) {
        const element1 = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[runIndex1]];
        const element2 = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[runIndex2]];
        const cmp = this.cmp(element1, element2);

        if (cmp != 0) {
            return cmp < 0;
        }

        return this.fromIndexArray[runIndex1] < this.fromIndexArray[runIndex2];
    },

    this.siftDown = function(index) {
        let nodeIndex = index;
        let leftChildIndex = (index << 1) + 1
        let rightChildIndex = leftChildIndex + 1;
        let minIndex = index;

        while (true) {
            if (leftChildIndex < this.size 
            && this.isLessThan(leftChildIndex, nodeIndex)) {
                minIndex = leftChildIndex;
            }

            if (rightChildIndex < this.size 
            && this.isLessThan(rightChildIndex, minIndex)) {
                minIndex = rightChildIndex;
            }

            if (minIndex === nodeIndex) {
                return;
            }

            this.swap(this.fromIndexArray, minIndex, nodeIndex);
            this.swap(this.toIndexArray, minIndex, nodeIndex);

            nodeIndex = minIndex;
            leftChildIndex = (nodeIndex << 1) + 1;
            rightChildIndex = leftChildIndex + 1;
        }
    },

    this.buildHeap = function() {
        for (i = Math.floor(this.size / 2); i >= 0; --i) {
            this.siftDown(i);
        }
    },

    this.extendRun = function(length) {
        this.toIndexArray[this.size - 1] += length;
    },

    this.appendRun = function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
        this.fromIndexArray[this.size] = fromIndex;
        this.toIndexArray[this.size] = toIndex;
        this.size++;
    }
}

function reverseRun(array, fromIndex, toIndex) {
    for (i1 = fromIndex, i2 = toIndex; i1 < i2; i1++, i2--) {
        const savedArrayComponent = array[i1];
        array[i1] = array[i2];
        array[i2] = savedArrayComponent;
    }
}

function createRunHeap(array, cmp) {
    let runHeap = new RunHeap(array, cmp);
    let left = 0;
    let right = 1;
    let last = array.length - 1;
    let previousWasDescending = false;

    while (left < last) {
        head = left;
        right = left + 1;

        if (cmp(array[left], array[right]) <= 0) {
            while (left < last && cmp(array[left], array[right]) <= 0) {
                ++left;
                ++right;
            }

            if (previousWasDescending) {
                if (cmp(array[head - 1], array[head]) <= 0) {
                    runHeap.extendRun(right - head);
                } else {
                    runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                }
            } else {
                runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
            }

            previousWasDescending = false;
        } else { // Scan a descending run:
            while (left < last && cmp(array[left], array[right]) > 0) {
                ++left;
                ++right;
            }

            reverseRun(array, head, left);

            if (previousWasDescending) {
                if (cmp(array[head - 1], array[head]) <= 0) {
                    runHeap.extendRun(right - head);
                } else {
                    runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                }
            } else {
                runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
            }

            previousWasDescending = true;
        }

        ++left;
        ++right;
    }

    if (left === last) {
        if (cmp(array[last - 1], array[last]) <= 0) {
            runHeap.extendRun(1);
        } else {
            runHeap.appendRun(last, last + 1);
        }
    }

    return runHeap;
}

Array.prototype.heapSelectionSort = 
function(cmp, fromIndex, toIndex) {
    if (!cmp) {
        cmp = (a, b) => a - b;
    }

    if (!fromIndex) {
        fromIndex = 0;
    }

    if (!toIndex) {
        toIndex = this.length;
    }

    RangeCheck(this.length, fromIndex, toIndex);

    if (toIndex - fromIndex < 2) {
        return this;
    }

    const aux = this.slice(fromIndex, toIndex);
    const runHeap = createRunHeap(aux, cmp);
    runHeap.buildHeap();

    let index = fromIndex;

    while (index < toIndex) {
        this[index] = runHeap.popElement();
        index++;
    }

    return this;
};

(The entire demo gist is here: https://gist.github.com/coderodde/47ae57983954c89ab7bef21b3fa7b232)

Critique request

Since I am not a professional Javascript developer, I would like to make my code above on par with idiomatic JS code.

Answer 1

Some possible improvements:

Your ArrayRangeException has a getMessage property that is never referenced elsewhere (even if a consumer were to know about it, it would be much simpler for it to just use the .message property). But it's still basically just an object wrapper around a string. Since you're going to be throwing, you might consider using a built-in RangeError instead, eg:

if (toIndex > arrayLength) {
    throw new RangeError(
        "'toIndex' is too large: " + toIndex + ', array length: ' +
        arrayLength);
}

You can also consider using template literals, which some consider to be more readable than concatenation:

if (toIndex > arrayLength) {
    throw new RangeError(`'toIndex' is too large: ${toIndex}, array length: ${arrayLength}`);
}

RangeCheck isn't a constructor, so it probably shouldn't be capitalized.

Your RunHeap constructor assigns lots of function properties directly to the instance, and chains them with the comma operator:

this.pushRun = function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
  // ...
},
this.popElement = function() {
  // ...
},
this.swap = function(array, index1, index2) {
  // ...

The comma operator evaluates each of its operands (from left to right) and returns the value of the last operand. This can be somewhat confusing, and so is often forbidden by code style guides. Since each function assignment here can be standalone, have each be a separate statement instead, and separate them with semicolons:

this.pushRun = function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
  // ...
};
this.popElement = function() {
  // ...
};
this.swap = function(array, index1, index2) {
  // ...

But there's another issue - this creates those pushRun, popElement, swap methods anew every time the RunHeap constructor is run. This is inefficient; the functions are all the same. Put them on the prototype instead, so that they only have to be created once:

function RunHeap(array, cmp) {
    this.cmp = cmp;
    // ...
}
RunHeap.prototype.pushRun = function(fromIndex, toIndex) {
    // ...
};

RunHeap.prototype.popElement = function() {
  // ...

Since you're already using ES6+ syntax (which is great, you should), it'd probably be a good idea to use it everywhere - instead of a function that you call new on, you can use class, they're a bit more concise and readable, and are the preferred modern way of doing things:

class RunHeap {
    constructor(array, cmp) {
        this.cmp = cmp;
        // ...
    }
    pushRun(fromIndex, toIndex) {
        const nodeIndex = this.size++;
        // ...
    }
    popElement() {
        const returnValue = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[0]];
        // ...

Using ++ / -- as a standalone statement is fine, but they can sometimes be confusing when they're used as an expression. (This is the same idea behind avoiding chained assignments and conditional assignments) You might consider putting the increments/decrements on their own line, eg replace

const last1 = this.fromIndexArray[--this.size];

with

this.size--;
const last1 = this.fromIndexArray[this.size];

Same for the other instances of pre/post increment-as-expression.

(even if you find the first version readable at a glance, I wouldn't bet on most readers of the code seeing it the same way)

if (cmp != 0) { When comparing, best to use strict equality, not loose equality.

for (i = Math.floor(this.size / 2); i >= 0; --i) { Best to always declare variables before using them - this will either implicitly create a global variable i, or throw an error if in strict mode. (change to let i =) (Same for for (i1 = fromIndex, i2 = toIndex; and head = left)

The swap function does the same thing as is done in each iteration of the reverseRun loop. Maybe have reverseRun call swap?

ES6 allows for default arguments in the case nothing is passed:

Array.prototype.heapSelectionSort = function (cmp, fromIndex, toIndex) {
    if (!cmp) {
        cmp = (a, b) => a - b;
    }

    if (!fromIndex) {
        fromIndex = 0;
    }

    if (!toIndex) {
        toIndex = this.length;
    }

can be:

Array.prototype.heapSelectionSort = function (
    cmp = (a, b) => a - b,
    fromIndex = 0,
    toIndex = this.length
) {

It's usually a bad idea to mutate the built-in objects, like Array.prototype. (Bad frameworks putting non-standard methods onto prototypes is why we have Array.prototype.flat instead of Array.prototype.flatten, and Array.prototype.includes instead of Array.prototype.contains.) It can cause a few problems. You could have heapSelectionSort be a standalone function instead.

In full:

const heapSelectionSort = (() => {
    'use strict';
    function rangeCheck(arrayLength, fromIndex, toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            throw new RangeError(`'fromIndex' is negative: ${fromIndex}`);
        }
        if (toIndex > arrayLength) {
            throw new RangeError(`'toIndex' is too large: ${toIndex}, array length: ${arrayLength}`);
        }
        if (fromIndex > toIndex) {
            throw new RangeError(`fromIndex(${fromIndex}) > toIndex(${toIndex})`);
        }
    }

    const swap = (array, index1, index2) => {
        const tmp = array[index1];
        array[index1] = array[index2];
        array[index2] = tmp;
    };

    class RunHeap {
        constructor(array, cmp) {
            this.cmp = cmp;
            this.array = array;
            const auxArrayLength = (array.length >>> 1) + 1;
            this.fromIndexArray = Array(auxArrayLength);
            this.toIndexArray = Array(auxArrayLength);
            this.size = 0;
        }
        pushRun(fromIndex, toIndex) {
            this.fromIndexArray[this.size] = fromIndex;
            this.toIndexArray[this.size] = toIndex;
            this.size++;
        }
        popElement() {
            const returnValue = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[0]];
            this.fromIndexArray[0]++;

            if (this.fromIndexArray[0] === this.toIndexArray[0]) {
                this.size--;
                const last1 = this.fromIndexArray[this.size];
                this.fromIndexArray[0] = last1;

                const last2 = this.toIndexArray[this.size];
                this.toIndexArray[0] = last2;
            }

            this.siftDown(0);
            return returnValue;
        }
        isLessThan(runIndex1, runIndex2) {
            const element1 = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[runIndex1]];
            const element2 = this.array[this.fromIndexArray[runIndex2]];
            const cmp = this.cmp(element1, element2);

            if (cmp !== 0) {
                return cmp < 0;
            }

            return this.fromIndexArray[runIndex1] < this.fromIndexArray[runIndex2];
        }

        siftDown(index) {
            let nodeIndex = index;
            let leftChildIndex = (index << 1) + 1;
            let rightChildIndex = leftChildIndex + 1;
            let minIndex = index;

            while (true) {
                if (leftChildIndex < this.size && this.isLessThan(leftChildIndex, nodeIndex)) {
                    minIndex = leftChildIndex;
                }

                if (rightChildIndex < this.size && this.isLessThan(rightChildIndex, minIndex)) {
                    minIndex = rightChildIndex;
                }

                if (minIndex === nodeIndex) {
                    return;
                }

                swap(this.fromIndexArray, minIndex, nodeIndex);
                swap(this.toIndexArray, minIndex, nodeIndex);

                nodeIndex = minIndex;
                leftChildIndex = (nodeIndex << 1) + 1;
                rightChildIndex = leftChildIndex + 1;
            }
        }

        buildHeap() {
            for (let i = Math.floor(this.size / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
                this.siftDown(i);
            }
        }

        extendRun(length) {
            this.toIndexArray[this.size - 1] += length;
        }

        appendRun(fromIndex, toIndex) {
            this.fromIndexArray[this.size] = fromIndex;
            this.toIndexArray[this.size] = toIndex;
            this.size++;
        }
    }

    function reverseRun(array, fromIndex, toIndex) {
        for (let i1 = fromIndex, i2 = toIndex; i1 < i2; i1++ , i2--) {
            swap(array, i1, i2);
        }
    }

    function createRunHeap(array, cmp) {
        const runHeap = new RunHeap(array, cmp);
        let left = 0;
        let right = 1;
        const last = array.length - 1;
        let previousWasDescending = false;

        while (left < last) {
            const head = left;
            right = left + 1;

            if (cmp(array[left], array[right]) <= 0) {
                while (left < last && cmp(array[left], array[right]) <= 0) {
                    left++;
                    right++;
                }

                if (previousWasDescending) {
                    if (cmp(array[head - 1], array[head]) <= 0) {
                        runHeap.extendRun(right - head);
                    } else {
                        runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                    }
                } else {
                    runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                }

                previousWasDescending = false;
            } else { // Scan a descending run:
                while (left < last && cmp(array[left], array[right]) > 0) {
                    left++;
                    right++;
                }

                reverseRun(array, head, left);

                if (previousWasDescending) {
                    if (cmp(array[head - 1], array[head]) <= 0) {
                        runHeap.extendRun(right - head);
                    } else {
                        runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                    }
                } else {
                    runHeap.appendRun(head, right);
                }

                previousWasDescending = true;
            }

            left++;
            right++;
        }

        if (left === last) {
            if (cmp(array[last - 1], array[last]) <= 0) {
                runHeap.extendRun(1);
            } else {
                runHeap.appendRun(last, last + 1);
            }
        }

        return runHeap;
    }

    return (
        arr,
        cmp = (a, b) => a - b,
        fromIndex = 0,
        toIndex = arr.length
    ) => {
        rangeCheck(arr.length, fromIndex, toIndex);

        if (toIndex - fromIndex < 2) {
            return arr;
        }

        const aux = arr.slice(fromIndex, toIndex);
        const runHeap = createRunHeap(aux, cmp);
        runHeap.buildHeap();

        let index = fromIndex;

        while (index < toIndex) {
            arr[index] = runHeap.popElement();
            index++;
        }

        return arr;
    };
})();

console.log(
  heapSelectionSort([4, 5, 0, 1, 7, 8])
);